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The nerve membrane is freely permeable to potassium, although there is a Na+/K+ ATPase that pumps 3 Na+ in and 2 K+ out.

The resting potential is around -60mV to -70mV

The driving force of Na+ is inwards, as is Cl- and Ca2+, while the driving force of K+ faces outwards.

K+ wants to go down its concentration gradient (there is more K+ in the cell than out of the cell).

Na+ wants to go down its concentration and electrical gradient (it's more negative inside the cell and there's less Na+ there).

The permeability of a cell is determined by the number of channels it has, the length the channels are open, and the conductivity of each channel to a particular ion.

The Nernst potential for Na+ is +65, while it is around -95 for K+.

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