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The cystoplasmic membrane and the cell wall are made of very different substances, and this affects their permeability to certain substances.

The cell wall is made of cellulose (plants) or murein (a peptidoglycon in bacteria/prokaryotic cells). These are carbohydrates.

The cytoplasmic membrane is made of 2 layers of phospholipids. It has many protein channels (tunnels of protein which can allow through certain chemicals needed by the cell, eg. Na+ sodium), or proteins which carry out active transport.

Therefore, the different compositions of the two give rise to their different properties.

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