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When a chromosome is made of two identical parts are called?
Well in eukaryotic cells each chromosome has a telomere on each end (to prevent it from unraveling), but I'm not 100% certain that these telomeres are identical although they contain very long repetitions of the same nucleotides. But in bacteria the chromosome is ring shaped and is all genes (there are no noncoding sequences, e.g. centromeres, telomeres, introns, pseudogenes, transposons) so there are no identical parts.
What would you expect of a eukaryotic cell lacking telomerase?
A eukaryotic cell lacking telomerase would have progressively shorter telomeres with each cell division. This can lead to cellular senescence or programmed cell death, which can impact cell renewal and overall longevity. In some cases, it may contribute to age-related diseases or conditions.
Purpose of a telomere?
A telomere is the structure at each end of a chromosome. It consists of an area of highly repeated DNA combined with protein. Its main function is to protect the end of the chromosome.Telomeres are instrumental in enabling the cells to divide and replicate. But as we grow older these tips wear out and shorten much like the shoelace caps. When they get too short, we get diseases and die. The three Nobel Prize winners found this as they were looking for a cure for cancer.
Describe the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes?
Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of a DNA-protein complex that is organized in a compact manner which permits the large amount of DNA to be stored in the nucleus of the cell. The Chromatin and Nucleosome are two of the most important parts.
In a diploid cell in which 2n equals 14 how many telomeres are there in each of the follow phases of the cell cycle a. G1 b. G2 c. mitotic prophase d. mitotic telophase?
There are two telomeres for each chromosome, so you need to figure out how many chromosomes there are at each stage and multiply that by two. G1-- growth phase: 14 chromosomes = 28 telomeres G2-- growth phase after replication in S phase: 28 chromosomes= 56 telomeres Mitotic Prophase-- before cell division, nuclear membrane disappears: 28 chromosomes= 56 telomeres Mitotic telophase-- nuclei separate: 14 chromosomes = 28 telomeres
Eukaryotic Chromosome are formed primarily of what two molecules?
Eukaryotic chromosomes are formed primarily of chromatids and telomeres
How are telomeres important for preserving eukaryotic genes?
Telomeres solve the end replication problem by extending the 3' end of the chromosome. Without them, the 3' end can't be replicated since replication is 5' to 3'.
How does the structure of chromosomes in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells affect the DNA replication processes in a cell?
In prokaryotic cells, which have a single circular chromosome, replication initiates at a single origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally until the entire chromosome is copied. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes that replicate from multiple origins of replication simultaneously. The linear nature of eukaryotic chromosomes poses challenges during replication, such as the need to overcome end-replication problem and preserving telomeres.
In eukaryotic cells each chromosome has?
In eukaryotic cells, each chromosome has one or more DNA molecules, which are tightly coiled around proteins called histones. These DNA-histone complexes form chromatin fibers, which condense further to create distinct chromosomes during cell division.
Heterochromatic regions at the ends of chromosomes are?
telomeres, which are essential for maintaining the stability and integrity of the chromosome. They protect the chromosome ends from degradation and prevent them from fusing with other chromosomes. Telomeres also play a role in regulating the cell's lifespan and preventing chromosomal abnormalities.
Why is telomeric chromosome unstable?
Actually the genes on a chromosome closest to the telomeres are the most unstable because they can unravel.
What are the end of the chromosome called?
The ends of chromosomes are called telomeres. Telomeres help protect the ends of the chromosome from deteriorating or fusing with other chromosomes during cell division. They also play a role in determining the lifespan of a cell.
Do centromeres and telomeres encode special gene products?
Centromeres and telomeres do not encode specific gene products. Centromeres are responsible for proper chromosome segregation during cell division, while telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from deteriorating or fusing with neighboring chromosomes. These structures are composed of specific DNA sequences and associated proteins that play essential roles in chromosome structure and function.
When a chromosome is made of two identical parts are called?
Well in eukaryotic cells each chromosome has a telomere on each end (to prevent it from unraveling), but I'm not 100% certain that these telomeres are identical although they contain very long repetitions of the same nucleotides. But in bacteria the chromosome is ring shaped and is all genes (there are no noncoding sequences, e.g. centromeres, telomeres, introns, pseudogenes, transposons) so there are no identical parts.
What would you expect of a eukaryotic cell lacking telomerase?
A eukaryotic cell lacking telomerase would have progressively shorter telomeres with each cell division. This can lead to cellular senescence or programmed cell death, which can impact cell renewal and overall longevity. In some cases, it may contribute to age-related diseases or conditions.
What happens when telomeres shorten?
When telomeres shorten, the cell's ability to divide and replicate gradually diminishes. This can lead to cellular senescence or programmed cell death (apoptosis), ultimately impacting tissue regeneration and overall aging. Shortened telomeres are also associated with an increased risk of age-related diseases like cancer and cardiovascular conditions.
What would happen to eukaryotic cells over repeated cell divisions if they didn't have telomeres?
Eukaryotic cells without telomeres would experience a gradual loss of genetic material at the ends of their chromosomes during each cell division. This could lead to shortened chromosomes, genetic instability, and ultimately cell death or senescence. Over time, the inability to maintain chromosome integrity would prevent the cells from dividing further.
