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The constriction of the esophagus is that of a soft tube that is usually closed, except when food, called a bolus, moves down to the stomach by peristaltic action. What controls the entry of food into the stomach and prevents the reflux gastric acid back up is a sphincter muscle called the cardioesophageal sphincter. Since it needs to close the presence of rigid cartilage would interfere with it's function. What does have cartilage is the trachea, which has C-shaped cartilage and needs to stay open for breathing, except when you are swallowing. If both the esophagus and the trachea had cartilage, they would not both fit in your neck, so one has to be made of smooth muscle and collapse, the esophagus, and the other needs to be rigid most of the time so you can breathe, that's why it, the windpipe or trachea, is the only structure in your throat that has cartilage.

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How is the appearance of the esophagus different than the trachea?

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