Cell division

Answer 1

During the first 12 hours after conception, the fertilized egg cell remains a single cell. After approximately 30 hours, it divides from 1 cell into 2 and 15 hours later, the 2 cells divide into 4. And at the end of 3 days, the fertilized egg cell has become a berry-like structure made up of 16 cells. This structure is called a morula, which is Latin for mulberry.

The cells continue to divide 8 or 9 days following conception into a blastocyst. Although it is only the size of a pinhead, the blastocyst is composed of hundreds of cells. The blastocyst is slowly carried by tiny hair-like projections in the fallopian tube called cilia toward the uterus. During the critically important process of implantation, it must attach itself to the uterine lining where it will be able to get nourishment from the mother's blood supply. If the blastocyst is unable to attach, the pregnancy will fail to survive.

Reviewed By

Review Date: 09/12/2011

Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Bellevue, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Answer 2

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides to form two or more daughter cells. It is essential for growth, repair, and producing new cells. The two main types of cell division are mitosis, which produces identical daughter cells, and meiosis, which produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the genetic information.

Answer 3

The progression of cells through G1 phase and their entry into DNA synthesis (S phase) is one of the most tightly regulated steps of cell division. During the G1 phase