How can you calculate how far the boat sinks into the liquid?

Answer 1

The theory for this is called "Archimedes principle" and as the story goes that dear old Archie shouted "Eureka!", when he was taking a bath and figured it out.

He wrote this down as a law and it goes like this:

"The upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid the body displaces."

The formula for this is:

Apparentimmersedweight = weight - weight of the displaced liquid.