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Most rocks are not entirely waterproof - they have cracks and channels where water can seep through.

Caves are often found in limestone rock, which is easily dissolved by rainwater seepage through tiny channels. The rainwater contains dissolved carbon dioxide, which makes it slightly acid, which dissolves the limestone very effectively. When a lime rich water droplet evaporates (dries up) on the roof of a cave the tiny amounts of lime are left behind in the form of stalactites.

The water in caves accumulates slowly and can be very old water - water that fell as rain thousands of years ago.

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17y ago

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