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Both Spain and Portugal gained control of the land in South America as a result of the Treaty of Tordesillas. The lands to the west went to Spain while the ones to the east went to Portugal.
Portugal gained control over part of Brazil, and then argued that the line was not fair so it was moved so that they got full control of Brazil.
It's was England who gained control by defeating the French fleet of the cost of the Netherlands.
Portugal gained control of Brazil in the Americas. The future country of Brazil was claimed for Portugal in April 1500 by Pedro Álvares Cabral [ca. 1468 - ca. 1520]. Subsequently rival strongholds established by British, Dutch, French and Spanish settlers were overthrown successfully by Portugal.
Spain and Portugal, Portugal gaining what is today Brazil, Spain got the rest.
Portugal gained control of Southeast Asia primarily through maritime exploration and military conquest in the early 16th century. Following Vasco da Gama's successful voyage to India in 1498, the Portuguese established a network of fortified trading posts, notably in Malacca, which became a key hub for trade between Europe and Asia. They utilized superior naval technology and military power to dominate local trade routes and territories, often engaging in conflicts with local kingdoms and rival European powers. This strategic approach allowed Portugal to maintain a significant presence in the region for several decades.
England gained control over the New Netherlands twice. The first time was in 1664, when four English frigates sailed into the colony's harbor and demanded its surrender. In 1673, a Dutch fleet of 21 ships returned to the colony and recaptured it. Despite this victory, the Netherlands' were defeated in Europe and surrendered New Netherlands to England in 1674 when they signed the Treaty of Westminster.
Portugal gained control of Brazil through the Treaty of Tordesillas. The Portuguese, along with help from native Brazilians, were able to keep out French and Dutch invaders.
Brazil
Angola and Mozambique