When pyrotechnic visual distress signals are required, at least three signals must be aboard a vessel. This is in accordance with U.S. Coast Guard regulations for recreational boats operating on coastal waters, the Great Lakes, and certain other navigable waters. These signals must be Coast Guard-approved and readily accessible for use in an emergency.
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This would depend greatly on the size of your vessel and where you are operating your vessel at. In the US you can often use the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR's) to find out what you need. For pleasure craft it MAY NOT be required to have aboard, however it is ALWAYS better to have and not need to, than the other way around. Checking with your local Coast Guard unit, State Police or local Boating/ Marine supply store is always a good bet for accurate info.
Waving your hands not as a fist
The number and types of distress flares required on a pleasure craft are determined by the vessel's size, where and when it is operated, and the number of passengers on board. This information is outlined in the regulations set by the country's maritime governing body and typically includes requirements for handheld flares, parachute flares, and smoke signals.
Every pyrotechnic visual distress device, such as flares, is designed to emit a bright light or signal to attract attention in emergency situations. These devices must meet specific regulatory standards for performance and reliability. They are typically used to signal for help, indicating a vessel or person's distress to nearby boats or aircraft. Additionally, they have a limited shelf life and should be regularly inspected and replaced as needed to ensure effectiveness.
The primary responsibility for a vessel operator assisting a boat in distress is keeping his/her vessel and him/herself out of danger.
The flag used to indicate distress is the International Code Signal flag "N" (November), which is a square flag with a white and blue checkered pattern. Additionally, the widely recognized signal for distress is the International Distress Signal, which can be represented by a flag or by the use of other signals such as flares or sound signals. In maritime contexts, the "N" flag signifies that a vessel is in need of assistance.
The vessel is in distress
Keeping his/her vessel and him/her safe
Keeping his/her vessel and crew out of danger
Keeping his/her vessel and him/herself out of danger