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A hydrophone is an underwater microphone designed to listen to below-water sounds. It can record and listen to sounds in other mediums (air, underground), but it won't be as accurate and sensitive, since it has been based of a sound impedance match exclusively to water.

Hydrophones are also capable as acting like a speaker and producing sounds. This is how submarines go "active" and ping the water. Some submarines sonar is so powerful that it can boil the water around the hydrophones after a couple of full power pulses. It is also the primary means of defeating unauthorized divers around a sub when it is surfaced and/or in port. The sound will disorient and confuse the diver like a flash-bank grenade would in a room.

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