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Aperture can affect the quality of a photographic image in at least four ways.

First, and most well known, as the aperture (the lens opening -- the hole through which the picture enters the camera) gets larger it lets in more light and you can take a picture in darker locations, or you can take pictures at higher shutter speeds thus freezing movement better.

The next most commonly known effect is that the wider the aperture the shallower the depth of field. That is, the fewer things in front of or behind the subject of the picture are in focus. As the aperture gets smaller things further away from the subject in both directions are clear.

Another way aperture can affect the image is that your lens will be sharpest at some aperture. Often somewhere around F5.6 to F8 your lens will make the sharpest (clearest) images. This is called "the sweet spot."

Finally, for technical reasons, at very small apertures (usually F16, f22 or smaller) an optical phenomenon caller diffraction causes the image to become become less sharp. You can think of it that when light must squeeze through a tiny hole the light rays interfere with each other.

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