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When actuator travels in the direction of air supplied, then the actuator is called direct acting actuator.
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Differentiate between normal and reverse polarity?
It depends on the context. In a.c. circuits, 'reverse polarity' describes a situation in which a device, such as a socket outlet, is wrongly wired -with the line and neutral conductors interchanged.
What is viscous flux?
Viscous flux usually refers to laminar flow. In most contexts, it refers to something like creeping flow or Poiseuille flow. Viscous flus usually arises from an external body force acting on a fluid. The external body force is usually pressure, or in some instances, centripetal force or magnetism.
How is the water treated in a water treatment plant?
Each Water treatment facility is designed for the water it is treating.The water treatment plant near my home is fairly simple considering it provides water to about 200,000 people.The water is pumped in from the River and checked for contaminants the plant can't clean up. Chemicals and oil for example.It goes through a three part filter. If you watch the Water Filter pitcher adds on TV its quite similar on a huge scale. They use a bed of Gravel with finer gravel on top with the final layer being activated Charcoal.Once it has gone through the filter it gets treated with Chlorine checked for the 10 th time and pumped into the system.Optional depending on what the source water are things like a tank for chemical precipitation of dissolved solids. Fluoride treatment and a bunch of other things.In some cases:If the water is particularly bad or in an Emergency reverse osmosis is used on large scale systems. The Canadian Government maintains a system in several shipping containers for deployment all over the world.
What are the advantages of bioreactor?
Very gentle mixing with new Fishtail stirrer:Up and down movement of one or more stirring discs provides gentle mixing both in horizontal and vertical direction. At the same time the stirring is more efficient. A special proprietary disc form of the new elastic Fishtail stirrer (mimics the fish tail) eliminates cutting edges and micro-eddies formed on all common impellers. Therefor the cell viability is increased.Adapter for very sensitive cells:A spiral covered by a thin wall of air containing silicone tubing is fixed on the axis of the stirrer. The up and down movement of the spiral displaces oxygen saturated layers of the culture and simultaneously produces a gentle movement of the medium. Because oxygen saturated layers in the proximity of the gas supplying tubing are removed fast, the moving spiral system is more efficient than common stationary systems.Radiation heating:The infrared radiation concentrated on the bottom of the vessel produces extremely gentle and regular sun like heating of the culture! It produces natural convection even without agitation. No hot spots are formed at any culture volume. Thanks to the very low heat capacity of the radiator, the temperature can be attained in a short time and can easily be kept constant. Furthermlore the sight into the vessel is not hindered.Culture volumes from 35 ml to 6000 ml:A broad volume spectrum is possible with just one instrument. Since no expensive top plates are used, the cost of passing from one volume vessel to another is several times lower than in other systems.MINIFOR is very compact:The MINIFOR is the most compact bioreactor available. Nevertheless, the ports are well accessible from all sides.Fastest set up: Special system and vessel construction of MINIFOR allows the fastest set up when compared to all other systems on the market.Fully automatic gas flow:Lambda discarded all rotameters and manual valves on so called four gas stations. Their reading is pressure and temperature dependent and cannot be well reproduced. Additionally, they cannot be automatically regulated and do not supply any recordable signal. A new gas flow meter and controller MASSFLOW has been developed. The gas flow measurement is based upon the precise massflow principle and is unaffected by pressure and temperature variations. It supplies a high quality signal, which is used to control our proprietary proportional valve for a precise regulation of the gas flow rate. The gas volume can be measured, totalised and recorded for the control of metabolic activity of the culture.Automatic pH and pO2 control:The carbon dioxide regulating MASSFLOW instrument is just plugged into the acid pump socket on the rear of the MINIFOR and if necessary the nitrogen regulating MASSFLOW to the base pump socket. The MINIFOR will keep both pH and pO2 on the preset value automatically.Self-cleaning gas microsparger:Rich and salt containing media will inevitably dry out in the openings of a sparger tube. Solid deposits may block the gas entry. A special microsparger has been developed by Lambda to eliminate this problem.Continuous culture:The weight of MINIFOR can be kept constant by using a special weighing module placed under the front edge of MINIFOR. The harvesting pump will keep automatically the volume of the culture constant. Continuous cultures allow a considerable increase of productivity.INTEGRATOR:When the integrator is switched to pumps or MASSFLOW gas flow regulator, their activity can be followed as a function of time. The data obtained in this way give additional information about the culture; it's growth kinetics and reproducibility.PC control:Easy to use, complete software FNet for up to six MINIFOR units.
What is absorber tube?
Design of Solar energy collectors with the object of capturing in a fluid, the thermal energy component of solar energy, such that the fluid serves as a transport-carrier of the energy for use in application-specific purposes can be particularly significant in that it can be readily deployed in numerous applications. In particular, the design of a collector based on known and off-the-shelf items therefore should have immediate impact and should be a viable task. In this context then a synopsized specification for a Solar Thermal Energy Collector at a minimum should consist of a solar thermal energy absorber made of borosilicate glass tubes design-integrated into a monolith device within a Solar energy concentrator and should include the use of air, water or glycol as the heat absorber or carrier, which flows through the integrated absorber tubes. The fluid flows through the tubes at some predefined rate set in a controller that pumps it as the temperature is attained. The selection of the borosilicate tubes stems from the properties of this type of glass: The emissivity of the material is very low and therefore the heat absorbed will not be re-irradiated away, The thermal stability of the glass is very high and as such it does not suffer thermal shock due to high temperatures, The linear expansion of the glass is also very low hence accommodation of thermal expansion is not quite critical. The Solar Thermal Energy Absorber essentially defines the overall configuration dimensions of the collector even if iteratively and starts off the design: First, the length of the absorber tubes is evaluated, and then specified, by heat transfer analysis that determines the exit temperature of the fluid as a function of the length together with the other flow characteristics, based on the insolation of the geographical region of the intended-deployment of the collector. This evaluation must accommodate for the quantity of heat absorbed by the complementary Solar Energy Concentrator, as perfect thermal reflectivity may not be attainable under practical operating conditions. Moreover, because the overall efficiency of heat transfer into the fluid may be impacted by the absorber configuration, the length may be subjected to some adjustments based on judicious engineering judgment call. Of significant note however, is that the performance of the tube with respect to the amount of the radiant thermal energy that gets transmitted through the wall into the fluid depends on the material from which the tube is manufactured, hence the glass of which properties were used in the calculation must be used in the design. Based the length the rest of the absorber design then takes off: The absorber tube manufactured as a double-walled tube with vacuumed annular in-between glass space, and sealed at both ends. The annular space vacuum is further maintained with getters of such quantity determined to operate the solar collector for a design-specified length of time. The vacuum ensures that the radiant thermal energy passes through the double-wall of the tubes but the heat that obtains from the absorption of the radiant thermal energy is neither convected or conducted out of the absorber. In particular the borosilicate tubes are bundle-designed into a form a circular row embedded into a structure that allows for the fluids to flow into the tubes from the bottom through and out at the top. Further, the configuration is such that the absorber is provided with a mount enabled with a flange, and of a length that allows the positioning of the absorber tubes within the concentrator it would be assembled into The Solar Thermal Energy Concentrator for this collector-design consideration, is of the hemispherical concentrator-design that concentrates the energy over an axial linear region. In particular, the length of the linear region is of the same length of the absorber tubes available for thermal energy absorption. Moreover, the solar energy reflector should also be a thermal mirror, such that solar thermal energy component is reflected primarily. In effect, the efficiency of the mirror is based on its reflectivity of the thermal energy component instead of the optical energy component because the thermal mirror is used with very little regard for the optical component: Whether the choice is made to absorb the optical component, as well by the absorber, or not is entire optional. Based on the reflectivity of the mirror, the support base is designed to enable the removal of heat absorbed by the mirror, such that the performance of the mirror is restricted to a very narrow range of temperature variation, in order to support precision of performance. The heat removal design, however, if required may be designed to use as coolant the same fluid as intended for use in the absorber, both for efficiency and for the simplification of operation needs. Further, the depth of the concentrator is by design evaluated as to prevent any form of interference from occurring as the incidence radiation travel path intersect reflected radiation travel path. Affixed to the support base of the mirror layer is a mount-contraption for mounting the absorber. Design integration of Concentrator and Absorber entails several tasks. The first of the tasks is to have the bundled integrated absorber affixed along the axis of the hemispherical axial-linear concentrator. The base flanges are affixed to the absorber support mount of the concentrator support base structure. Of course, the support mount is constructed such that the absorber evacuated tube sections of the absorber situates within the range of the linear focus of the concentrator such that the solar thermal energy as concentrated falls right on the integrated absorber tubes. The fluid inlet of the absorber is interfaced and connected to the outlets of the concentrator cooling fluids in the case of the operation in which the same type and form of fluid is being used for both the mirror cooling and the thermal heat absorption in the absorber. In the case where different fluids are to be used then the outlets of the concentrator coolants are connected to the recirculation lines for conditioning and recirculation, while the absorber inlet line is connected to the corresponding recirculation line. In both cases the absorber fluid outlet is connected to the corresponding feed line of the recirculation line. Under proper connection, the fluid should flow into the absorber through the inlet and out through the outlet, and be available for the application-specification use and then be fed into the absorber in continuous circulating flow. The modularity of the design supports scalability, allowing for the integration of several collector modules to provide scaled heat supply needs, as in industries. Further, although use-specific form of the absorber has been used in this concept-driven design, use of evacuated thermal tubes with heat-pipes can be just as effective, though the specifics of the configuration of the integrated-bundling of the heat-pipe absorber will depend on the particular type of heat pipe used in the absorber module. An application of this technology of note is the use of the technology for application at homes. Solar Energy is noted as a good source of energy for priming theportable bioenergy technologies for homes. The use of pure water or glycol enables the adoption of the technology in just about every house backyard with too much intrusion. Hence, the collector is effective for the use in homes by home owners towards different objectives. Obvious the collector of the configuration as proffered based on readily available off-the-shelf products can be effective in addressing energy adoption issues of interest.
Reverse acting aquastat?
a reverse acting aquastat closes or activates something on temperature rise
On pneumatic thermostat what is the difference between direct acting and reverse acting?
A Direct Acting (DA) pneumatic thermostat increases branch line pressure as temperature increases. A Reverse Acting (RA) pneumatic thermostat decreases branch line pressure as temperature increases.
What is the differences of direct acting actuator and reverse acting actuator?
When a pressure signal is applied, the valve shaft moves in the direction opposite that of the direct-acting actuator, but it follows the same operating principle. In the reverse-acting actuator, the valve shaft is pulled into the actuator by the application of a pressure control signal.
What is the purpose of a motor controller?
A motor controller is a device that controls an electric motor. Most motor controllers require a manual and automatic function, forward and reverse rotation, and speed control.
What to do if your sister acts like shes your mom?
Tell her that you think she's acting too controlling. She's your sister, which means she should be your friend, not your controller. :) Good luck!
Is there anyway I can use a lodgenet GameCube controller at my house?
Yes, get an rj45 phone connector and an old Gamecube connector. Connect the blue wire of the Gamecube to the blue of the controller. This is the data wire. Now connect the red and black wires in reverse to the lodgenet controller. This is why they say its not compatible with any home game system because they reversed the polarity. The other wires don't need connection. Enjoy your new super long gamecube controller.
What are the types of controllers?
P(Proportional )-controller I(Integral)-controller D(Derivative)-controller PI-controller PD-controller PID-controller Industrial controller ON-OFF controller
Is a turbo controller better than a mod controller?
modded controller
How does the reverse acting thermostat work?
it reads a predetermined temparature set and closes the circiut to cool the area down, by a fan or whatever is hooked up to the thermostat switching.
How can a compressed spring act like an extended spring?
Both have a force acting to bring the spring back to its original length. So the 1/2kx2 is just in the reverse direction (not because the x is negative because the acting force is towards x0, the original length).
What are the basic types of facts controllers?
series controller, shunt controller,series-shunt controller,series-series controller
What to do if PS3 controller does not connect?
Even if the battery is low connecting the USB controller cable should allow the controller to connect when you press the PS3 emblem on the controller. Without another controller you can not tell if the PS3 or controller is the problem and does not work
