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What is the difference between activation polarization and concentration polarization?
Activation polarization refers to a condition when the reaction rate (of oxidation or reduction) is controlled by the slowest "step" in a series of reaction steps. For example, in hydrogen reduction reaction, the first step (1) may be when hydrogen ions absorbed from solution onto the anode surface, (2) then electron transfer occurs from anode to the hydrogen ions to form hydrogen, (3) then the hydrogen elements form hydrogen gas molecules, (4) which then form hydrogen gas bubbles. The slowest of these 4 steps, dictates how fast the overall reduction reaction happens.
Concentration polarization refers to a condition of the limits of diffusion. Basically, again referring to the hydrogen reduction reaction, the concentration of H+ ions around the cathode affects the reaction rate. It could be that the concentration is too high (there is plently of H+ ions around, or the concentration is too low (not enough H+ ions around or the reduction reaction is 'eating them up' too quickly).
What else can I help you with?
What is the relationship between TDS and osmotic pressure?
TDS increases the osmotic pressure. From the formula, Osmotic pressure = CRT. C as the concentration in mol / L; R = gas constant; T = temperature. The higher the concentration of the solids, the higher is its osmotic pressure.
What is the difference between a refinery and a mill?
a refinery is for oil and a mil is like for grains etc.
What is difference between thermal and catalytic cracking?
Thermal CRacking is caused by heat while catalytic cracking is not caused by heat
What is the Difference between grades of lubricating oil?
Lubricating Oil Is A Thick Fatty Oil (Especially One To Be Used For Lubricating Factory Machinery)
What is the difference between process plant pre-commissioning and commissioning?
Pre-commissioning is the testing of non-energized systems. Commissioning is the testing of energized systems.
What are the similarities between concentration polarization and kinetic polarization?
Concentration polarization is a condition in which the current in a electrochemical cell is limited by the rate at which reactants are brought to or removed from the surface of on or both electrodes. Kinetic is a condition which the current is limited by the rate at which electrons are transferred between the electrode surfaces and the reactant in solution. ref: fundamentals of analytical chemistry chapter 22.
How does concentration affect activation energy?
Because the concentration is directly proportional to the rate of reaction (the rate will increase but k will remain the same), with an increase in concentration the activation energy will stay because the activation energy does not account for the concentration.
What is concentration polarization cross flow filtration?
Convective and back-diffusive flow of solvent can cause a build-up of dissolved solutes and macromolecules near and on the surface of the membrane this is known as concentration polarization. When concentration polarization occurs there is a differential solute concentration between the membrane surface and the bulk of the feed stream. The osmotic pressure in the polarized layer due to the high local solute concentration lowers the transmembrane pressure therefore decreasing flux. In cross -flow filtration there is a general decline in flux over time of operation this is due to concentration polarization. The decline in flux can be restored with the manipulation of the operating parameters.
What is the difference between p and s polarization in the context of light propagation?
In the context of light propagation, the difference between p and s polarization lies in the orientation of the electric field. P polarization has the electric field oscillating parallel to the plane of incidence, while s polarization has the electric field oscillating perpendicular to the plane of incidence. These orientations affect how light interacts with surfaces and materials.
Can you briefly discuss the difference between a concentration gradient and concentration difference?
A concentration gradient refers to the gradual change in concentration of a substance over a distance, while a concentration difference simply indicates the variation in concentration between two points. In essence, a concentration gradient describes how the concentration changes across a space, whereas a concentration difference highlights the contrast in concentration between specific locations.
Is there any difference between polarisation and polarization?
Only the spelling, they are two spellings for the same thing.
What forms a concentration whenever there is a difference in concentration between one place and another?
A concentration gradient forms when there is a difference in concentration between one place and another.
What is the difference between esf 15 and external affairs?
Answer is: Designation or activation
What is the difference between s and p polarization in terms of their effects on light propagation?
S and P polarizations refer to the orientations of light waves as they propagate. S polarization, also known as transverse electric (TE) polarization, has the electric field perpendicular to the plane of incidence, while P polarization, also known as transverse magnetic (TM) polarization, has the electric field parallel to the plane of incidence. The main difference between the two is how they interact with surfaces and materials. S polarization is typically reflected more strongly at certain angles, while P polarization is more likely to be transmitted through surfaces. This difference in behavior can affect how light propagates through different mediums and surfaces.
What is the difference between the concentration of a particular molecule in one area and the concentration in an adjacent area?
The concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of a molecule between one area and an adjacent area. This difference creates a gradient that drives the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, a process known as diffusion.
What is the difference in concentration between a region of high concentration and one of lower concentration?
There is no exact number assigned to the difference between the higher and lower concentrations. However, the establishment of a concentration differential is essential for both diffusion as well as osmosis.
What kind of concentration forms whenever there is a difference in concentration between one place and another?
A gradient forms when there is a difference in concentration between two places. This gradient drives the movement of substances from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration through processes such as diffusion or osmosis.
