Petroleum C3, C4, and C5 refer to the alkanes and alkenes with three, four, and five carbon atoms, respectively. C3 compounds, primarily propane and propylene, are used as fuels and in the production of plastics. C4 compounds include butane and butylene, which serve as fuels and feedstocks for petrochemical processes. C5 compounds, like pentane and isopentane, are utilized in gasoline blending and as solvents in various industrial applications.
Unstabalized naphtha (also known as light naphtha) consists of the light components of a crude oil distillation which have not yet had the C4 components removed from it. Unstabalized naphtha is fed to a tall distillation column (approximately 20-30 trays) known as a debutanizer where all C4 components (and any lighter boiling point components) are removed. The bottom product of a debutanizer is stabilized naphtha.
The RE factor (relative effectiveness) compares a given explosive's energy to TNT, with TNT being assigned a value of 1.0. Composition C4 is about 1.4- pound for pound, it has 40% more energy than TNT. The RE rating of a product would be listed in the manufacturer's information sheet, or taken from a data table for military explosives.
C3
Sunflowers are C3 plants. They use the C3 carbon fixation pathway during photosynthesis, which is less efficient in hot and dry conditions compared to C4 plants.
C3 and C4 plants are both categories of plants based on the type of photosynthetic pathway they use. Both types of plants undergo the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide and produce sugar during photosynthesis. However, C4 plants have an additional carbon-concentrating mechanism that allows for more efficient photosynthesis in hot and dry conditions compared to C3 plants.
Cocoa is neither a C3 or C4 plant. Though it tends to live in warmer climates, it does not fit into either category.
An apple tree is a C3 plant, which means it uses the C3 photosynthetic pathway.
Around 50ppm for C3 plants and around 5ppm for C4 plants.
Balsam plants are C3 plants. They use the C3 carbon fixation pathway for photosynthesis, which involves the initial fixation of carbon dioxide into a three-carbon compound.
In a Newman projection of 2-methylpentane at carbons C3 and C4, the conformation is anti-periplanar.
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No, it performs C3 photosynthesis
no
They are named after the number of carbons of the first product of their carbon fixation cycle (the cycle used to make plant sugars). C4 plants have a more elaborate carbon fixation cycle of C3 and reduces photorespiration. They are thought to have evolved more recently than C3 plants.