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A basic DNA molecule has three components - a ribose sugar, a phosphate chain and the base. Essentially, the sugar looks like a pentagon, the phosphate is a elongated chain with three phosphate groups and the base can be highly variable - either a purine or a pyrimidine.

As the DNA molecule is built up, the backbone of DNA is created via the phosphate and ribose sugar linkages, and the genetic information is stored through the matching of the bases.

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