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A perfect/pure diamond is made exclusively of carbon (the element). The specific conditions (temperature, pressure, time) that are required for diamonds to form and the fact that a carbon atom has four free electrons allow it to settle in the form of a crystal; that crystal is what we call the diamond. Given the strength of the links between the atoms; the diamond is the hardest natural solid on our planet.

It's also important to note that graphite is also pure carbon but the way the carbon atoms are linked to each other (the number of electrons shared between each atom is two vs. one for the diamond) gives it completely different properties. The carbon atoms form layers and the graphite is soft and slippery; which makes it a nice dry lubricant that is sometimes used in lock cylinders. It's also opaque; unlike diamond.

Diamond is an element, an allotrope of carbon.

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