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Atoms and Atomic Structure

Updated: 8/11/2023
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a stable atomic structure is one in which the outer shell is complete, like group 0 in the Periodic Table. all the elements in group 0 have a full 8 electrons in their outer shell, this makes them stable.

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13y ago
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The atomic structure of an atom is generally an amount of electrons orbiting a nucleus of protons and neutrons. The nucleus comprises most of the atom and the electrons are infinitesimally small. The protons have a positive charge and the electrons have a negative charge and so are attracted to each other. Protons and electrons have equal and opposite charge, and so in an atom the number of protons and electrons are always equal (unless it's an ion, with one more proton or electron) so they are electrically neutral. There can be any number of neutrons as they have no charge.

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All atoms consist of two regions. The nucleus is a very small region located near the center of an atom. In every atom the nucleus contains at least one positively charged particle called a proton and usually one or more neutral particles called neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus is a region occupied by negatively charged particles called electrons. This region is very large compared with the size of the nucleus. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are often referred to as subatomic particles. Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are neutrally charged.

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The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no neutron).

The electrons of an atom are bound to the nucleus by the electromagnetic force. Likewise, a group of atoms can remain bound to each other, forming a molecule. An atom containing an equal number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral, otherwise it has a positive or negative charge and is an ion.

An atom is classified according to the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus: the number of protons determines the chemical element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element.

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