Describe the steps of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 1

1. 6 carbon dioxide molecules combine with six 5-carbon molecules forming twelve 3-carbon molecules. 2. The 12 3-carbon molecules are converted into high-energy forms. 3. 2 of the 12 3-carbon molecules are removed and the plant uses them to produce sugars, lipids, amino acids, and other compounds. 4. The 10 3-carbon molecules change back into six 5-carbon molecules, which combine with 6 more carbon dioxide molecules. The process starts over.

Answer 2

There are many steps to the Calvin cycle, which is divided into three major sections. Step 2a requires ATP. Also, step 3a uses ATP. Finally, ATP is required for the final step of the Calvin cycle, which is step 3c.

Answer 3

The three steps of the carbon cycle are:

1) Carbon fixation - in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is attached to an organic molecule (ribulose biphosphate) so it can enter the cycle.

The enzyme rubisco catalyzes this reaction, which immediately results in the product of an extremely unstable six-carbon intermediate. This intermediate immediately splits in half and create two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate for each CO2 fixed.

2) Reduction - in which 1,3-biphosphoglycerate is reduced in order to create glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, the end-product of photosynthesis.

In this step, the 3-phosphoglycerate molecules created during carbon fixation are converted into 1,3 biphosphoglycerate molecules through the addition of a phosphate group from ATP. NADPH reduces these molecules, and after losing a phosphate group, they become glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

It is important to note that for every three molecules of CO2 that enter the cycle, there are six molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate formed. However, only one of those molecules is considered a net gain as the other five are recycled in the next step.

3) Regeneration - in which the original carbon dioxide acceptor, ribulose biphosphate, is recreated so the cycle can continue once again.

Answer 4

6 Carbon-dioxide molecules combines with 6-carbon compounds to form 12 3-carbon molecules called 3-phosphoglycerate (carbon fixation occurs). Then, energy stored in ATP and NADPH is transferred to the 3-PGA molecules to form high-energy molecules called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphates (G3P). Next, 2 G3P leave the cycle to be used for the production of glucose and other organic compounds and the remaining 10 are converted into 5-carbon molecules (ribulose) with the help of an enzyme called rubisco. These molecules can then combine with new carbon dioxide to continue the Calvin Cycle.

Answer 5

The Calvin Cycle begins with carbon fixation, carbon bonds to sugar, then the reduction phase where there is energy released as a result of the conversion. In the third step, the G3p formed in reduction forms into a carbohydrate. which with the aid of sunlight leads into the regeneration phase.

Answer 6

1. Carbon Fixation

Step 1: 3 CO2 comes in and an enzyme called rubisco hopefully (when I say hopefully, I mean that because it might catalyze oxygen instead of carbon, which is bad) catalyzes carbon.

Step 2: The carbon is turned into RuBP (a 6 carbon), which is unstable, so it instantly turns into two of 3-PG (a 3 carbon). There are 6 of these.

2. Reduction

Step 3: The 3-PG get a phosphate each from ATP, which then turns into ADP. The 3-PG now become 3-biphosphoglycerate. There are 6 of these.

Step 4: The 3-biphosphoglycerate each get an hydrogen ion (H+) from NADPH, which then turns into NADP+.

Step 5: The molecule then and there loose a phosphate group, which goes back to restoring the ADP into ATP. The resulting molecule is called G3P, which is final goal for the Calvin Cycle. There are 6 G3P molecules.

3. Regeneration

Step 6: As I mentioned earlier, G3P is the main goal of the Calvin cycle, so only one out of the 6 are used for as organic compounds, whereas the rest go back in the cycle.

Step 7: The 5 G3P molecules that go back to the cycle are rearranged to become the molecule RuBP (ribulose biphosphate) and go back to step 2.

Read more: What_are_the_steps_in_the_Calvin_cycle

Answer 7

The first step of the Calvin cycle is carboxylation. Then reduction to form a carbohydrate takes place. Finally, regeneration of sugar takes place.