Do particles in a solid vibrate when in room temperature?

Answer 1

Yes. All solid structures have mechanical properties, and with those mechanical properties comes susceptibility to mechanical resonance. The material can vibrate. This material willvibrate if given energy to do so, and the nature of the energy and the nature of the material, i.e., its mechanical properties, will determine the harmonic motion (vibration) that may be set up within the material. Take the example of a crystal wine glass. It will "sing" if we rub a damp finger around the rim in the right way. We give the glass mechanical energy. The mechanical structure of the glass responds. The glass has a resonant frequency that we've found by dragging a finger about its opening. The mechanical energy we give to the glass is distributed throughout its structure, and the glass vibrates according to its intrinsic mechanical nature. All solids will conduct mechanical energy by vibrating. Certainly something like foam rubber won't vibrate very much at all if we smack it with a hammer, but a bell will. All solids will vibrate to some degree when mechanically stimulated.

Answer 2

Yes. Many molecules have vibrational "degrees of freedom". Larger molecules (glucose is an example) typically will have enough vibration that the vibration needs to be tracked in calculations of heating.

Answer 3

Yes, particles in a solid vibrate around fixed positions when at room temperature. This movement is referred to as thermal vibration and contributes to the overall stability and structure of the solid.

Answer 4

No