Electrons are in constant motion around the nucleus because of?

Answer 1

The force that keeps an electron moving around the nucleus is the electric force. The balance of the electric force and the centrifugal force gives the quantum redshift.

0= e^2zc/4pi r^2 -mcv/r cos(V) gives cos(V) = Alpha/n the redshift, where Alpha is the Fine Structure Constant 7.2E-3.

Answer 2

Because of the Continnuity of quaternion energy E= -Ze2/4pi e r + mcV = Er + Ev

The quaternion energy consists of the real energy Er= -Ze2/4pi e r and the vector energy Ev= mcV. Continuity of energy maintians the motion where

F=XE = [d/dr, Del] [-Ze2zc/4pir , cmV]

F= [Ze2zc/4pir2 -cmv/r cos(rv), cmdV/dr - Del -Ze2zc/4pi r + cmDelxV ]

Electrons are in constant motion because of the Continuity Condition, the scalar derivative is zero:

0 = Ze2zc/4pi r2 - (nhc/2pi r2) cos(rv)

Cos(rv) is the cosine of the angle between the electric potential center radius and the velocity v. The electrons are in quantum constant motion with

cos(rv)=Ze2z/2nh =ZAlpha/n = 7.2E-3Z/n.

where Alpha is the Fine Structure Constant., Alpha=7.2E-3.and Z is the Atomic Number. As long as cos(rv) matches Zalpha/n and is less than 1, the electrons can orbit in continuity. Because the cosine is limited to 1, Zalpha/n can rise to 1. at that value the Z cannot be greater than 1/alpha or 137, the fine Structure constant. This means no Chemical Element with Z>137 and n=1.

If the cos(rv) is greater than Zalpha then the orbit expands, if cos(rv) is less than Zalpha the orbit contracts.

This is the cause of quantum redshift, z=ZAlpha/n=cos(rv)

The vector Force is usually not zero and provides the circulation force

Fv = cmdV/dr - Del -Ze2zc/4pi r + cmDelxV

Answer 3

because of the attractive force between protons[positive charge] and electrons[negative charge]

Answer 4

gnetic force