What are strong acids and strong bases?

Answer 1

The STRONG ACIDS (all dissociate completely in water) are:

Hydrochloric acid: HCl

Hydrobromic acid: HBr

Hydroiodic acdi: HI

sulfuric acid: H2SO4 (See note no.3 at the end of this page)

Nitric acid: HNO3

Perchloric acid: HClO4

Some other acids that are sometimes considered strong are:

chloric acid (HClO3), bromic acid (HBrO3), perbromic acid (HBrO4), iodic acid (HIO3), and per-iodic acid (HIO4).

The STRONG BASES (all dissociate completely in water) are:

Lithium hydroxide: LiOH

Sodium hydroxide: NaOH

Potassium hydroxide: KOH

Rubidium hydroxide: RbOH

Cesium hydroxide: CsOH

Magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)2

Calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)2

Strontium hydroxide: Sr(OH)2

Barium hydroxide: Ba(OH)2

Notes:

1. In fact OH- by itself is the only strong base in water.
2. The strong bases with 2 OH- groups, release BOTH when added to water, and so the concentration of OH- in solution is twice the concentration of the added base.
3. In constrast, although sulfuric acid (H2SO4) has two H+(= 2 protons), only ONE proton is completely dissociated when added to water. The second proton contributes to a lesser degree to the acidity of a sulfuric acid solution, than the first.

   (See also message no.2 on the discussion page for more nuance on this).

Answer 2

Strong acids completely dissociate in water, forming H+ and an anion. There are six strong acids. The others are considered to be weak acids. You should commit the strong acids to memory:

• HCl - hydrochloric acid
• HNO3 - nitric acid
• H2SO4 - sulfuric acid
• HBr - hydrobromic acid
• HI - hydroiodic acid
• HClO4 - perchloric acid

100% dissociation isn't true as solutions become more concentrated. If the acid is 100% dissociated in solutions of 1.0 M or less, it is called strong. Sulfuric acid is considered strong only in its first dissociation step.

H2SO4 -> H+ + HSO4-

A weak acid only partially dissociates in water to give H+ and the anion. Examples of weak acids include hydrofluoric acid, HF, and acetic acid, CH3COOH. Weak acids include:

• Molecules that contain an ionizable proton. A molecule wih a formula starting with H usually is an acid.
• Organic acids containing one or more carboxyl group, -COOH. The H is ionizable.
• Anions with an ionizable proton. (e.g., HSO4- --> H+ + SO42-)
• Cations
  • transition metal cations
  • heavy metal cations with high charge
  • NH4+ dissociates into NH3 + H+

Strong bases dissociate 100% into the cation and OH- (hydroxide ion). The hydroxides of the Group I and Group II metals usually are considered to be strong bases.

• LiOH - lithium hydroxide
• NaOH - sodium hydroxide
• KOH - potassium hydroxide
• RbOH - rubidium hydroxide
• CsOH - cesium hydroxide
• *Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide
• *Sr(OH)2 - strontium hydroxide
• *Ba(OH)2 - barium hydroxide

* These bases completely dissociate in solutions of 0.01 M or less. The other bases make solutions of 1.0 M and are 100% dissociated at that concentration. There are other strong bases than those listed, but they are not often encountered.

Weak Bases

Examples of weak bases include ammonia, NH3, and diethylamine, (CH3CH2)2NH.

• Most weak bases are anions of weak acids.
• Weak bases do not furnish OH- ions by dissociation. Instead, they react with water to generate OH- ions.

And when the Strong Acids and the Strong Bases are combined then they react to create a neutral substance.

Answer 3

Strong acids:

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Hydrobromic acid (HBr)

Hydroiodic acid (HI)

Perchloric acid (HClO4)

Nitric acid (HNO3)

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Sometimes considered strong acids (not universally accepted):

Chloric acid (HClO3)

Bromic acid (HBrO3)

Perbromic acid (HBrO4)

Iodic acid (HIO3)

Periodic acid (HIO4).

Strong bases:

Lithium hydroxide (LiOH)

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

Rubidium hydroxide (RbOH)

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2)

Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2)

Caesium hydroxide (CsOH)

Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)

Answer 4

Strong acids and bases are said to be strong because they dissociate in water completely or close to completely. This ability to dissociate almost completely allows for a higher concentration of the active ions in Acid and Base interactions, the H+ and OH- ions.

For example, if one were to put 1 mole of Hydrofluoric acid (weak acid) in 1L of water, and then put 1 mole of Hydrochloric acid (strong acid) in a different container with 1 L of water, the initial concentrations would be the same, 1 mole HCl per liter H2O. After a few seconds, the acids would have dissociated throughout the water, and although the initial concentrations were equal, the acids dissociate differently. The concentration of H+ ions in the HCl solution approaches the initial concentration of the HCl, 1 mole H+ per liter H2O, while the concentration of H+ in the HF solution may be somewhat high for a solution but in comparison does not come close to the 1 M initial acid concentration.

This high concentration of active ions in strong acid and base solutions are what cause the high amount of dissociation among acids and bases.

Strong Acids include Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), Hydrobromic Acid (HBr), Hydroiodic Acid (HI), Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4), Nitric Acid (HNO3), and Perchloric Acid (HClO4). There are some other acids that may be recognized as strong, but these are the most prominently recognized strong acids.

Strong Bases include Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), Rubidium Hydroxide (RbOH), Cesium Hydroxide (CsOH), Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Strontium Hydroxide (Sr(OH)2), and Barium Hydroxide (Ba(OH)2). As with the acid there are some other strong bases, but these are the most widely accepted and most specifically strong bases.

Answer 5

A Strong Acid is one that De-ionizes completely in water into the conjugate base of the acid and the Hydronium ion. A Strong Base also has 100% dissociation in water forming a conjugate acid and the hydroxide ion. A weak acid and a weak base do not completely dissociate into ions in water.

Answer 6

Strong acids are substances that completely ionize in water to release a high concentration of H+ ions, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Strong bases are substances that completely dissociate in water to release a high concentration of OH- ions, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Both strong acids and strong bases are highly reactive and can cause severe burns.

Answer 7

It would be impossible to list them all, there are literally thousands of them.

Answer 8

an example of a strong acid is HCl

an example of a strong base is lithium hydroxide