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The coefficients in a chemical equation represent the amount of moles of each substance involved in the reaction. On a smaller level, it also represents the amount of particles that have to collide or are produced in the reaction. Consider the following example:

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) (arrow) 2H2O(l) + CO2(g)

The coefficent behind oxygen in the reactants means that 2 molecules of oxygen have to collide with 1 molecules of methane to react. The coefficients in the products mean that this reaction produces 2 molecules of water and 1 molecule of carbon dioxide.

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