Most recipes just specify 'concentrated' HCl. That could mean 32 % or 37 %. One or two specify 32 %. Now, HCl 32 % w/w = 37 % w/v and HCl 37 % w/w = 44 % w/v, and since the HCl in Kovacs Reagent is mixed 1:3 (by volume) with isoamyl alcohol, the final concentration of HCl will be 9.25 % w/v or 11 % w/v respectively. Further, some recipes specify a 1:3 mixture by mass - resulting in proportionally much less HCl. So it's not critical. I'm using 32 %.
chemical reagent
Hydrochloric acid can be either concentrated or dilute, depending on its specific concentration in water.
The concentration of hydrochloric acid in stomach is not so great; but above the normal concentration HCl is dangerous.
It depends on what is "working" and what the concentration of it is.
1. In this case theoretical is a word without sense.2. Generally the concentrated hydrochloric acid has a concentration of 36,5 %, but - of course - other concentrations can be prepared.
chemical reagent
Hydrochloric acid can be either concentrated or dilute, depending on its specific concentration in water.
The concentration of hydrochloric acid in stomach is not so great; but above the normal concentration HCl is dangerous.
It depends on what is "working" and what the concentration of it is.
FAST
This is a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and anhydrous zinc chloride (which acts as a catalyst). To prepare, mix 136.29 g of anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl2) with 105 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). Place beaker in an ice bath, due to the exothermic reaction. Stir with a glass rod until all ZnCl2 is dissolved.
If you know for certain it's hydrochloric acid and nothing else, you could take the pH and determine the concentration from that.
1. In this case theoretical is a word without sense.2. Generally the concentrated hydrochloric acid has a concentration of 36,5 %, but - of course - other concentrations can be prepared.
That's a difficult question to answer, because "pure" hydrochloric acid is a gas at room temperature, and the conductivity of a solution of hydrochloric acid depends on the concentration.
In concentration: up to (max.) 18 M = concentrated dilute = lower the 1 M
The pH value of the solution depends on the strength of the acid, in other words, acid concentration.
Lucas reagent is used to test for the presence of alcohols in a substance. It is made from anhydrous zinc chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid.