Generation of proton gradients across membranes occur during both photosynthesis and respiration. The reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during respiration.Ê
The only molecules that move during osmosis are water (H2O) molecules.
Plants, fungi, and animals are all eukaryotes and possess mitochondria, which is the site of the electron transport chain. Prokaryotes have no mitochondria and perform the electron transport chain across their cell membranes. Electron transport chain also occurs in thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts.
Molecules travel across the cell membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration during both osmosis and diffusion. Diffusion is when molecules move across the cells' membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water.
Osmosis differs from Diffusion because in osmosis only water moves, and during diffusion, small molecules move across the cell membrane.
Heterogenous. Not all smog is created equal. In New York City, for example,smog on the FDR drive during rush hour may have a different chemical composition from smog directly near the electrical generation plant ( more carbon, more perticulates etc.).
Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs?
both the electrical and chemical gradients
During prophase the nuclear membrane disintegrates. The metaphase through anaphase the molecules are not formed as membranes. During telophase it reintegrates and in interphase it is present as normal.
Transport across membranes can be fueled not only by ATP, but by the energy stored in ion gradients. In such cases, the free energy released during the transport of ions down an electrochemical gradient is used to pump other ions or molecules up their electrochemical gradient. This process is called cotransport because one carrier protein mediates the transport of both species. Some cotransporters carry both solutes in the same direction (symport), while others transport one solute into the cell and the other out of the cell (antiport).
Ficoll, basically polysucrose is used to prepare density gradients during centrifugation to separate DNA fragments.
The blood carries carbon dioxide waste from the tissues where it's generated. When this carbon dioxide reaches the capillaries at the alveoli, it diffuses across the membranes and is released during exhalation.
the generation of British, loosing their power and colonies during the world war I, is called the angry generation
Rheum is a thin discharge of the mucous membranes, especially during a cold.
the generation of British, loosing their power and colonies during the world war I, is called the angry generation
The Lost Generation is a term commonly used to describe the generation that came of age during World War I. This generation includes individuals born roughly between 1883 and 1900. The term was popularized by author Gertrude Stein.
chance changes in gene pool from generation to generation WITHOUT natural selection.
Generation X is a label attributed to people born during the 1960s and 1970s.Members of Generation X are often described as cynical or disaffected, though this reputation obviously does not apply to all people born during this era.This generation has an increased understanding of technology, having grown up during the age of computers.Sometimes also shortened to Gen X