How can you distinguish between primary secondary tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins and can you give an example of each?

Answer 1

Primary structure of proteins refers to the exact sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain. Secondary structure refers to the shape acquired by the backbone of the polypeptide chain when hydrogen bonds form between the carboxylic group of one amino acid and the amide group of another amino acid. there are two shapes in secondary structured proteins: Alpha Helix and Beta-pleated sheet tertiary structure refers to the shape taken up by the polypeptide chain as a result of bonds formed between the R-groups of the amino acids. three types of bonding may exist: Hydrgen bond, ionic bond and /or disulphide bonds.

Answer 2

the primary structure of a protein is its linear

sequence of amino acids. In discussing protein structure, three further levels of structural complexity are customarily invoked:

• Secondary structure is the local spatial arrangement of a polypeptide's

backbone atoms without regard to the conformations of its side chains.

• Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional structure of an entire polypeptide.

• Many proteins are composed of two or more polypeptide chains,

loosely referred to as subunits. A protein's quaternary structure refers

to the spatial arrangement of its subunits.

Answer 3

Primary Protein is that in which different amino acids are arranged in linear sequence. e.g Typical inter-cellular proteins.

Secondary Protein is that in which different amino acids are arranged in the form of Helix.

Tertiary Proteins are those which have folded into 3D folds e.g many enzymes

Quaternary Proteins contain usually more than one chain of polypeptides which are arranged in 3D folds e.g in Hemoglobin molecule.

Answer 4

The primary structure is when there is the stringing together of the requisite number of amino acids in a chain called a polypeptide chain.

The secondary structure is when the side chains hydrogen bond resulting in alpha helix's and beta sheets.

The tertiary structure results when there is R group binding and other interactions that fold the chain into its final three dimensional globular form, ( the true protein stage ) These can be hydrophobic and hydrophlilic interactions, hydrogen bonding, or a disulphide bridge, the covalent bond between two sulfurs.

Answer 5

Primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids, secondary structure involves local folding motifs like alpha helices and beta sheets, tertiary structure is the 3D arrangement of the entire protein molecule, and quaternary structure refers to the interaction between multiple protein subunits. An example of each would be: primary structure - insulin, secondary structure - collagen, tertiary structure - hemoglobin, and quaternary structure - antibodies.