tertiary alcohol is sp3 hybridised. when carbocation is formed hydroxyl takes its as well as carbon atoms electrons as a result one of the p orbital of carbon becomes empty thus carbon atom in order to attain stabilty undergoes hybridisation with one s orbital and remaining two p orbitals and becomes
sp2 hybridised
This carbocation which only has six electrons is isoelectronic with BH3 and is believed to have a similar structure as gaseous molecular BH3, planar with bond angles of 120 0. The hybridisation would be sp2 with and empty p orbital.
The nitrogen atom of pyridine is sp2 hybridized. It participates in the aromatic ring system of pyridine and forms three sigma bonds with neighboring carbon atoms, resulting in the sp2 hybridization.
In molecular BH3 the molecule is planar with bond angles of 120o so the hybridisation of the central boron atom is sp2. In the dimer B2H6 the molecule has two bridging hydrogens. The hybridisation of each boron is approxomately sp3 and each bridge has a 3 centre B-H-B bond formed by the overlap of the sp3 orbtals on the B atoms and the s orbital on the hydrogen.
In a carbon free radical, the carbon atom has three unpaired electrons in its outer shell, indicating sp2 hybridization. This allows the carbon atom to form three covalent bonds with other atoms.
The carbon atom in carbon dioxide is sp2 hybridized. This means that there are three electron pairs around the carbon atom, resulting in trigonal planar geometry.
This carbocation which only has six electrons is isoelectronic with BH3 and is believed to have a similar structure as gaseous molecular BH3, planar with bond angles of 120 0. The hybridisation would be sp2 with and empty p orbital.
carbon can have either sp3 ,sp2 or sp1 hybridised orbital depending upon the type of hybridisation hybridisation influences the bond and bond therapy (strength) in the organic compounds
The nitrogen atom of pyridine is sp2 hybridized. It participates in the aromatic ring system of pyridine and forms three sigma bonds with neighboring carbon atoms, resulting in the sp2 hybridization.
The boron atoms in hexagonal boron nitride exhibit sp2 hybridization. This means that the 2s orbital and two of the 2p orbitals on each boron atom combine to form three sp2 hybrid orbitals, which are used to form sigma bonds with neighboring atoms in the hexagonal lattice structure.
In molecular BH3 the molecule is planar with bond angles of 120o so the hybridisation of the central boron atom is sp2. In the dimer B2H6 the molecule has two bridging hydrogens. The hybridisation of each boron is approxomately sp3 and each bridge has a 3 centre B-H-B bond formed by the overlap of the sp3 orbtals on the B atoms and the s orbital on the hydrogen.
In a carbon free radical, the carbon atom has three unpaired electrons in its outer shell, indicating sp2 hybridization. This allows the carbon atom to form three covalent bonds with other atoms.
The carbon atom in carbon dioxide is sp2 hybridized. This means that there are three electron pairs around the carbon atom, resulting in trigonal planar geometry.
One common test for carbocation formation is the Lucas test, where alcohol reacts with concentrated HCl in the presence of ZnCl2 to form carbocation. The rate at which this reaction occurs can indicate the stability of the carbocation. The formation of a white precipitate indicates a tertiary carbocation, a cloudy solution denotes a secondary carbocation, while no visible change suggests a primary carbocation.
The formula looks like trans- 2-butene. The c atoms working left to right will have sp3 sp2 sp2, sp3 hybridisation. the bond angles will be tetrahedral on the sp3 centers, 120 0 on the sp2 centres which have a planar shape, with all four substituents lying in the same plane. Good picture in wikipedia. The actual bond angles will deviate slightly.
ANTHRANALIC ACID IS 2- AMINO BENZOIC ACID.SO CARBON ATOM OF CORBOXYIC GROUP IS SP2 hybridisd
The mixing of atomic orbitals is called hybridisation.
The most stable carbocation is the tertiary carbocation, which has three alkyl groups attached to the positively charged carbon atom.