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High temperatures can denature enzymes by disrupting the bonds that maintain their structure, leading to loss of function. Low temperatures can slow down enzyme activity by reducing the kinetic energy of molecules, which decreases the frequency of enzyme-substrate collisions. Extreme temperatures can also lead to irreversible damage to enzymes by causing their active sites to deform or break down.

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What is the independent variable in the calorimeter and specific heat experiment?

The independent variable in a calorimeter and specific heat experiment is typically the type of material being tested. By changing the type of material used in the experiment, one can examine how the specific heat capacity of different materials affects the amount of heat absorbed or released during a reaction.


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The symbol for heat being applied in a chemical reaction can be effectively utilized to show that heat is needed for the reaction to occur. This can help scientists understand the energy requirements of the reaction and how temperature affects the rate of the reaction.


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The type of liquid affects how fast an ice cube will melt due to its thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. Some liquids, like water, have high thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, leading to faster melting of the ice cube. Other liquids, like oil, have lower thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, resulting in slower melting of the ice cube.


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