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The number of protons in all atoms, ions, or isotopes of carbon will have six protons. If the particle had a different number of protons, it would be a different element. In an atom, the charge of one proton will balance/cancel out the charge of one electron. So in a neutral atom of carbon, there would be six electrons to cancel the six protons. The "14" in "C-14" is the mass number - the sum of the number of protons and neutrons. If we know that there are six protons, the subtraction will give us eight neutrons.

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