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We should first start at the beginning. As you know, you breathe oxygen in when you contract your diaphragm and air fills your lungs. The walls of your lungs are filled with capillaries (tiny blood vessels) that look kind of like feathers. If you were to stretch out the entire surface area of the capillaries in your lungs, it would be about equal to the size of a tennis court!

So, in the capillaries flows your de-oxygenated blood. It has been on a complete cycle through your body, and is now low on O2. When the erythrocytes (red blood cells) enter the capillaries, the oxygen gets chemically stuck to them. It attaches to a large protein called hemoglobin, a 4 piece protein with a single iron atom at the center. (this explains why an iron deficiency can lead to anemia, or a low red blood cell count) Each red blood cell contains as many, many hemoglobin molecules.

The oxygen is at a HIGH concentration in your lungs, and so flows into the LOW concentration in the blood. As the laws of nature would predict, as the red blood cells move into areas of lower oxygen concentration, the oxygen leaves the hemoglobin and enters its new tissue.

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