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Experimentally you analyse the halides and determine their empirical formulae, which would give the answer RbCl etc.. You determine the compound are ionic and there are electrochemical methods to confrm that you have got what appears obvious, Rb+. An Xray crystallographic study would show that rubidium compounds containe dicrete rubidium atoms. Another way is to look at the electronic configuration and the Periodic Table to see which group the elemnt is in.

This allows you to predict Rb+ as the element has one valence electron like sodium potassium etc.

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