Polar compounds such as H20 have a dipole moment associated with the compound, where as compounds like CH4 have no net dipole.
think of the bonds and nonbonding electrons as ropes pulling on the central molecule, if there is an even 'pull' then the compound will be non-polar, for example CO2 has a dipole from Carbon to both Oxygens, but the two dipoles will cancel. NH3 on the other hand will not cancel out because the bonds are not flat but are tetrahedral in geometry because of the non bonding electrons, so NH3 will have a dipole moment.
Resorcinol is polar. It contains hydroxyl groups which make it polar due to the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen.
The bonds in nicotine are polar because of the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved in the bonding. This results in a partial positive and partial negative charge on the atoms within the molecule.
Carbon disulfide is non-polar because the electronegativity difference between carbon and sulfur is very small, resulting in a symmetrical distribution of electrons and no overall dipole moment.
ZnF2 is a non-polar molecule because the electronegativity difference between zinc (Zn) and fluorine (F) is not high enough to create a significant dipole moment. This results in a symmetrical distribution of charge around the ZnF2 molecule, making it non-polar.
Polar
In a non-polar covalent bond the sharing of electrons between the atoms is equal.This depends on the difference between the electronegativities involved in the bond; when a difference don't exist or is minimal the bond is non-polar.As an example the diatomic hydrogen bond is non-polar.
the polar one is less stable than the non-polar one
In a non-polar covalent bond the sharing of electrons between the atoms is equal.This depends on the difference between the electronegativities involved in the bond; when a difference don't exist or is minimal the bond is non-polar.As an example the diatomic hydrogen bond is non-polar.
The bond would be considered polar if the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is 0.5. This is because a difference in electronegativity values between 0.5 and 1.7 indicates a polar covalent bond.
Resorcinol is polar. It contains hydroxyl groups which make it polar due to the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen.
The difference in electronegativity between S and N is only .5, so it's slightly polar. However, it's not very polar.
The bonds in nicotine are polar because of the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved in the bonding. This results in a partial positive and partial negative charge on the atoms within the molecule.
Carbon disulfide is non-polar because the electronegativity difference between carbon and sulfur is very small, resulting in a symmetrical distribution of electrons and no overall dipole moment.
ZnF2 is a non-polar molecule because the electronegativity difference between zinc (Zn) and fluorine (F) is not high enough to create a significant dipole moment. This results in a symmetrical distribution of charge around the ZnF2 molecule, making it non-polar.
Polar
SeCl4 would be non-polar covalent, because the electronegativity between Se and each Cl would be about the same. They differ by about 0.6. Don't multiply the the electronegativity by 4, because you want to find the difference between each Se---Cl bond. A polar molecule would have an electronegativity difference of less than 2. Electronegativity values are not something you memorize you always have to look them up
Ionic bond: the difference between electronegativities of the atoms is over 2.Covalent polar bond: the difference between electronegativities of the atoms is under 2.Covalent non-polar bond: the difference between electronegativities of the atoms is cca. zero