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An atom can become a positive ion, or a cation (cat-ion), when it ''gives'' away one or more electrons.

An atom becomes a negative ion, or an anion (an-ion), when it gains one or more electrons.

Atoms that do this do not have completely filled valence shells, and are therefore reactive. To become unreactive, they have to either gain or lose electrons to have a filled valence shell and thus gain a noble gas configuration.

Hope you understand! :D

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