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Whether or not hydrogen (or any atom or molecule) gives or receives electrons depends on the nature of the thing it is interacting with. If the other atom is more electronegative than hydrogen, it will take an electron from hydrogen. If hydrogen is the more electronegative species, hydrogen will take the electron. There are many reactions in which electrons are donated or received, and to understand them, you must look at the nature of the two species involved in the exchange. Primarily the answer will depend on the relative electronegativity of the two atoms (or for molecules, their relative nucleophilicity or electrophilicity). One way to think about it is like a game of tug-of-war. If two people pull in opposite directions on a piece of rope, whoever is stronger will pull the rope towards them. In the same way, whichever molecule "wants" the electron more will take it from the other. What makes a molecule or atom "want" an electron more than another is another topic...

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