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Actually, it is not the size that matters, but the area of contact.

we see that the dissolving of an object happens because there are collisions between the solvent and the solute.

When the solute is BIG, for example, a block, the solvent can only collide with the surface of the block, but not the middle of the block. that means it will take a longer time for the solvent to dissolve the solute.

When the block is pondered into a powdery state, it is easier for the solvent to dissolve the solute because of the larger area of collisions.

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