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The trend in valency of the periodic table generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group. Elements on the left side of the periodic table tend to have lower valencies, while elements on the right side tend to have higher valencies. This is due to the number of valence electrons in the outer shell of the atom.
Elements in the same group on the periodic table have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. This leads to similarities in reactivity, bonding behavior, and chemical reactions among elements in the same group. Additionally, elements in the same group tend to show patterns in atomic size, ionization energy, and electronegativity due to the arrangement of electrons in their outer energy levels.
The number of electrons in the outermost energy shell is usually used in finding the valency of a given element. For instance elements that have two electrons in the outermost energy shell have valency 2.
For metals, reactivity generally decreases as you move down a group because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus, making it harder for them to be lost. Nonmetals tend to become more reactive as you move down a group because they have more energy levels and an increased ability to gain electrons. Overall, the reactivity of elements going down a group is influenced by changes in atomic size and electron affinity.
Electronegativity increases as you go along a group/family Everything about elements increases as you go farther down and to the right of the periodic table except the radius, in which the largest elements are at the bottom left, and the smallest at the top right
The valency does not (or tends not to) vary going up and down a group. It varies going across a period.
The reactivity is increasing goinng down in the group.
The trend in valency of the periodic table generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group. Elements on the left side of the periodic table tend to have lower valencies, while elements on the right side tend to have higher valencies. This is due to the number of valence electrons in the outer shell of the atom.
Group or family
A group.
In the Periodic table of Elements There are 118 Elements 96 are metals The rest are non-metals Group 7= Halogens Group 8/0= Noble gases Going down group 1 and 2, elements become more reactive
Elements in the same group on the periodic table have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. This leads to similarities in reactivity, bonding behavior, and chemical reactions among elements in the same group. Additionally, elements in the same group tend to show patterns in atomic size, ionization energy, and electronegativity due to the arrangement of electrons in their outer energy levels.
going down a group, each element gains 1 shell (energy levels)
The number of electrons in the outermost energy shell is usually used in finding the valency of a given element. For instance elements that have two electrons in the outermost energy shell have valency 2.
Group is a column going up and down; there are 18 groups + two sub-groups (Lanthanides and Actinides, actually both part of group 3) Period is a row, horizontally left to right; there are 7 periods for 118 elements.
For metals, reactivity generally decreases as you move down a group because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus, making it harder for them to be lost. Nonmetals tend to become more reactive as you move down a group because they have more energy levels and an increased ability to gain electrons. Overall, the reactivity of elements going down a group is influenced by changes in atomic size and electron affinity.
Electronegativity increases as you go along a group/family Everything about elements increases as you go farther down and to the right of the periodic table except the radius, in which the largest elements are at the bottom left, and the smallest at the top right