How is hyaluronic acid produced?

Answer 1

Very basically, in the past, HA was extracted from animal origin (rooster comb especially). Now, it is immensely more produced by biotechnology (biofermentation, use of bacteria that produce the HA, that is then purified). You basically have reactors with the bacteria inside (streptococcus species usually), that are fed with plant products (peptone, glucose, and another I forgot - from corn, wheat, mainly).

Then you have processes to purify the HA crude obtained, and you can add steps of cutting the molecules to get short molecular weight (digestion of the HA, lower yield, more expensive).

You dry it, and there you are, HA powder.

Answer 2

Hyaluronic acid is produced naturally by the body through enzymatic reactions that occur in various tissues, especially in the joints and skin. It is synthesized by cells called fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Additionally, some bacteria also produce hyaluronic acid through fermentation processes for commercial use.