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The elements in the Periodic Table are first arranged by atomic weight, then were grouped vertically by similar characteristics and traits. See:

http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)

Where it notes:

"The periodic table groups are as follows (in the brackets are shown the old systems: European and American):

  • Group 1 (IA,IA): the alkali metals or lithium family
  • Group 2 (IIA,IIA): the alkaline earth metals or beryllium family
  • Group 3 (IIIA,IIIB): the scandium family
  • Group 4 (IVA,IVB): the titanium family
  • Group 5 (VA,VB): the vanadium family
  • Group 6 (VIA,VIB): the chromium family
  • Group 7 (VIIA,VIIB): the manganese family
  • Group 8 (VIII, VIIIB): the iron family
  • Group 9 (VIII, VIIIB): the cobalt family
  • Group 10 (VIII, VIIIB): the nickel family
  • Group 11 (IB,IB): the coinage metals (not an IUPAC-recommended name) or copper family
  • Group 12 (IIB,IIB): the zinc family
  • Group 13 (IIIB,IIIA): the boron family
  • Group 14 (IVB,IVA): the carbon family
  • Group 15 (VB,VA): the pnictogens or nitrogen family
  • Group 16 (VIB,VIA): the chalcogens or oxygen family
  • Group 17 (VIIB,VIIA): the halogens or fluorine family
  • Group 18 (Group 0, VIIIA): the helium family/neon family; for the first six periods, these are the noble gases"
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15y ago

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