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There are four kinds of orbitals: s, p, d, and f. Each s orbital hold 2 electrons (1 pair). Each p orbital holds 6 (3 pairs), d orbitals hold 10 (5 pairs) and f orbitals hold 14 (7 pairs).

The first orbit only has an s orbital. So it holds 2 electrons.

The second and third orbits each have an s and a p orbital. So they each hold 8 electrons.

The fourth and fifth orbits each have an s, a p, and a d orbital. So they each hold 18 electrons.

The sixth and seventh orbits each have an s, a p, a d, and an f orbital. They each hold 32 electrons.

To place the electrons in their orbitals:

Start at Hydrogen and follow through the Periodic Table, adding one electron per element until you reach the one you're wondering about. You can also start at the previous noble gas and go towards the element in question.

Add electrons to an s orbital if you are in group I or II (or He).

Add electrons to a p orbital if you in group IIIA - Noble gases. Remember that the first p orbital is 2p.

Add electrons to a d orbital if you are in the transition metals. Remember that the first d orbital is 3d.

Add electrons to an f orbital if you are in the rare earth metals (the ones that are usually an insert at the bottom of the page). Remember that the first f orbital is 4f.

Also, place all the electrons in the orbital unpaired, then pair them up after all the spots are full. Then progress on to the next type of orbital.

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