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Each carbon atom in compounds normally shares each of its four valence electrons to make covalent bonds to other atoms, including other carbon atoms, in the compounds. However, this does not necessarily mean that each atom makes four bonds, because carbon often makes what are called "double" and "triple" bonds to other atoms. In a double bond, one carbon atom shares two electrons rather than a single electron in a bond to another atom, which also shares two electrons rather than a single electron to form the bond. In a triple bond, three electrons are contributed by each bonded atom. Therefore, each carbon atom can make up to four bonds, but often makes fewer than four.

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