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Chemical formula of methane is CH4, which means it has 1 atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen.

If you check out PTE you see that both carbon and hydrogen are non-metals, which means they make a covalent bond.

Carbon is in the 14th group (or 4th), which means it has 4 valence electrons (14 - 10). In order to get stable, carbon has to make a bond with every of those 4 electrons (so he could have 8 electrons in its valence shell, like the closest noble gas).

Hydrogen is in the 1st group, so there's only 1 valence electron and hydrogen needs to make a bond with one more electron for stability (like closest noble gas Helium).

So, you need 4 hydrogen atoms (each with one electron) to form a bond with everyone of carbon's 4 valence electrons - which in total is 8 electrons.

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Q: How many electrons are shared between the atoms in the molecules of methane and of water?
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