There are no unpaired electrons in calcium, all 20 electrons are in pairs, i.e. each pair is configured in one orbital:
2x in 1s orbital
2x in 2s orbital
2x in each of the three 2p orbitals
2x in 3s orbital
2x in each of the three 3p orbitals
and
2x in 4s orbital (these two are the valence electrons)
three unpaired electrons
Germanium has 4 unpaired electrons.
There are three unpaired electrons in an arsenic atom. Arsenic has five valence electrons, with two paired and three unpaired electrons.
6 unpaired electrons
Xenon has eight unpaired electrons.
There are no unpaired electrons in strontium.
three unpaired electrons
Aluminum has three unpaired electrons.
Germanium has 4 unpaired electrons.
There are three unpaired electrons in an arsenic atom. Arsenic has five valence electrons, with two paired and three unpaired electrons.
My book says that calcium is paramagnetic but I cannot understand why since it doesn't have any unpaired electrons as paramagnetic materials need to have. I have the same question for magnesium too.
6 unpaired electrons
Phosphorus has three unpaired electrons in its ground state.
Nickel has two unpaired electrons.
Xenon has eight unpaired electrons.
Neodymium (Nd) has 3 unpaired electrons.
Titanium (Ti) has four unpaired electrons.