DERIVING ACID'S NAME FROM FORMULA
In order to name an acid when given the formula, follow these steps:
1. Identify the anion. This can be done by removing or separating the hydrogen(s) from the anion via writing out the equation. The number of hydrogens is = to the anion's charge.
HX --> H+ + X
OR
H+ + Anion (Cation + Anion)
2. Name the acid. It is highly recommended to remember various polyatomic ions and such for this step. Since acids are named based on the anion, follow the guidelines below:
Anion ends with "-ide": place the prefix "hydro-" in front of the element name. Replace "-ide" with "-ic acid".
Hydro-element name-ic acid
Anion ends with "-ate": replace "-ate" with "-ic acid".
Element name-ic acid
Anion ends with "-ite": replace "-ide" with "-ous acid".
Element name-ous acid
**NOTE: If the anion involves sulfur or phosphorus, changes to the stem name will be made. Add "-ur" to the stem name if there is sulfur, or "-or" if there is phosphorus.**
Sulfur
Anion ends with "-ide": hydro-element name-uric acid
Anion ends with "-ate": element name-uric acid
Anion ends with "-ite": element name-urous acid
Phosphorus
Anion ends with "-ide": hydro-element name-oric acid
Anion ends with "-ate": element name-oric acid
Anion ends with "-ite": element name-orous acid
DERIVING FORMULA FROM ACID NAME
In order to identify the formula from the acid's name, follow these steps:
1. Identify the anion. This can be done by adjusting the name via removal of suffixes and prefixes (if applicable).
Anion starts with "hydro-", ends with "-ic acid": drop prefix and replace "-ic acid" with "ide.
Element name-ide
Anion ends with "-ic acid": replace "-ic acid" with "-ate".
Element name-ate
Anion ends with -ous acid": replace "-ous acid" with "-ite".
Element name-ite
**NOTE: If there is sulfur or phosphorus in the anion, also remove the "-ur" (sulfur) or the "-or" (phosphorus) in the ending when identifying the anion.
2. Identify the formula. Now that the anion has been identified, we can create the formula. Add cation H+ to the equation (the number of hydrogens is equal to the anion's charge). It is recommended to remember various polyatomic ions for this step.
Cation + Anion
H+ + Anion
OR
H+ + X-n--> HX
The acid name for HSa would be hydrosaplic acid. The chemical formula would be C2936H4624N786o889S41 and is also called Human Serum Albumin.
The chemical formula of acetic acid is CH3COOH; the IUPAC name is ethanoic acid.
The name of the acid with the formula H2CO3 is carbonic acid.
The correct name for the acid with the chemical formula H2SO4 is sulfuric acid.
The acid represented by the formula HCl is hydrochloric acid.
The formula name for HIO3 is iodic acid.
The acid name for HSa would be hydrosaplic acid. The chemical formula would be C2936H4624N786o889S41 and is also called Human Serum Albumin.
The chemical formula of acetic acid is CH3COOH; the IUPAC name is ethanoic acid.
The name of the acid with the formula H2CO3 is carbonic acid.
The correct name for the acid with the chemical formula H2SO4 is sulfuric acid.
The acid represented by the formula HCl is hydrochloric acid.
The acid with the formula HNO3 is called nitric acid.
The acid with the formula HNO2 is called nitrous acid.
The inorganic acid with the formula H3PO4 is phosphoric acid.
The acid with the chemical formula HClO4 is called perchloric acid.
Muriatic acid, a historical name for Hydrochloric acid, has the chemical formula HCl.
This is the chemical formula of nitroxyl.