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Heat.

The condenser acts through cooling with a greater surface area (on the inside of the condenser); the constant fluid flow keeps the temperature down. If you were to assemble the apparatus so that the water flows from top to bottom, the condenser would never fill up, and your reaction will have difficulty cooling down.

Risky if you have volatile chemicals or a reaction that you need to keep cool.

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Why cold water is made to run from lower side to upper side in distillation?

Cold water is usually made to run from the lower side to the upper side in distillation to maximize cooling efficiency. By introducing cold water at the bottom of the condenser, it can absorb more heat as it flows upwards, effectively cooling the vaporized gases and aiding in their condensation back into liquid form. This counterflow arrangement helps maintain a strong temperature gradient, which is crucial for successful distillation.


Do you observe the halide test in the upper layer or lower layer?

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What will happen when Petrol is mixed with water and stirred?

Petrol and water do not mix well as petrol is hydrophobic and repels water. When mixed and stirred, the two liquids will separate into distinct layers with petrol forming the upper layer due to its lower density.


The most active metals on the periodic table are found on the lower left upper right middle upper left or lower right?

The most active metals on the periodic table are found in the lower left (Group 1: alkali metals) and the upper right (Group 17: halogens). Alkali metals are highly reactive due to their low ionization energies, and halogens are also very reactive because they have high electronegativities and easily gain electrons to form stable ions.


Which portion of the mantle is more plastic?

The upper mantle is more plastic compared to the lower mantle. This is because the upper mantle is closer to the Earth's surface, which allows for more pressure release and higher temperatures, making the rock more ductile and capable of flow.

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