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The existence of one or more special orbitals that (i) exist only when two nuclei are close enough to each another, because the probable distribution of electrons can be influenced by the attractions of both nuclei, and (ii) have energy values for the electrons that occupy these orbitals so that at least two electrons, one from each atom bonded, can occupy these special orbitals with less potential energy than the total potential energy of the two electrons in the separate atoms from which these electrons were derived.

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