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The reaction type is EAS (Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution). When dealing with aromatic substitutions you have to take into consideration what positions the different types of substitutes prefer.
In this situation you are dealing with Nitro-groups (NO2), which are said to prefer meta.
The mechanic itself is quite simple, you have to start out by figuring out the product of the reaction between the acids, which generate the nitro-group.
What happens when you add H2SO4 and HNO3 together? (These are the most commonly used reagents in this reaction). You know that one nitro group is generated, the rest is simple. Just remember the ion from sulfur acid, this will play a key role later on.
So NO2 groups are meta-positioning, thus the double bond from the aromat will attack NO2+. After that you draw the resonance, and finish with a hydrogen being attacked by the ion from sulfuric acid, returning the double bond and giving you your product.
What else can I help you with?
What functional groups are present in acetanilide?
Acetanilide contains an amide functional group (CONH-) and an aromatic ring.
Will acetanilide dissolve in hot heptane?
Yes, acetanilide is likely to dissolve in hot heptane due to their similar polarities. Heptane is a nonpolar solvent which can dissolve nonpolar or slightly polar compounds like acetanilide. Heating the solvent can increase its ability to dissolve the compound.
What is the reaction of acetanilide with litmus?
Acetanilide is a neutral compound and will not react with litmus paper, which is typically used to test for acidic or basic conditions. Therefore, there will be no observable change in the color of litmus paper when it comes in contact with acetanilide.
Why add nitric acid and sulphuric acid to acetanilide?
Nitric acid and sulfuric acid are added to acetanilide to facilitate the nitration reaction. Nitric acid provides the nitronium ion needed for nitration, while sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst and helps in protonating the acetanilide molecule. This process allows for the substitution of a nitro group onto the acetanilide molecule.
Is acetanilide acid basic or neutral?
Acetanilide is a neutral compound. It does not exhibit acidic or basic properties as it does not readily donate or accept protons in water.
Most suitable for recrystallizing acetanilide?
the most suitable for recrystrallizing acetanilide is water..
What functional groups are present in acetanilide?
Acetanilide contains an amide functional group (CONH-) and an aromatic ring.
Will acetanilide dissolve in hot heptane?
Yes, acetanilide is likely to dissolve in hot heptane due to their similar polarities. Heptane is a nonpolar solvent which can dissolve nonpolar or slightly polar compounds like acetanilide. Heating the solvent can increase its ability to dissolve the compound.
What is the reaction of acetanilide with litmus?
Acetanilide is a neutral compound and will not react with litmus paper, which is typically used to test for acidic or basic conditions. Therefore, there will be no observable change in the color of litmus paper when it comes in contact with acetanilide.
Is acetanilide an amide?
Yes, acetanilide is an amide. It is derived from aniline and acetic acid, containing the amide functional group (-CONH2).
Is acetanilide acid basic or neutral?
Acetanilide is a neutral compound. It does not exhibit acidic or basic properties as it does not readily donate or accept protons in water.
Why add nitric acid and sulphuric acid to acetanilide?
Nitric acid and sulfuric acid are added to acetanilide to facilitate the nitration reaction. Nitric acid provides the nitronium ion needed for nitration, while sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst and helps in protonating the acetanilide molecule. This process allows for the substitution of a nitro group onto the acetanilide molecule.
Why do you use acetanilide rather aniline in the synthesis of p-nitroaniline?
Acetanilide is used instead of aniline in the synthesis of p-nitroaniline to control the selectivity of the reaction. Acetanilide is less reactive than aniline, making it easier to control the nitration process and avoid the formation of unwanted byproducts. Additionally, the acetanilide group can be easily removed after the nitration reaction to yield p-nitroaniline.
Is Chloroform a good solvent for recrystallization in acetanilide?
Chloroform is not a commonly used solvent for recrystallization of acetanilide. It is more commonly used for dissolving non-polar or slightly polar compounds. In the case of acetanilide, solvents such as ethanol or ethyl acetate are often preferred for recrystallization.
Why is water a good solvent for the crystallization for acetanilide?
It is most useful when crystals are being filtered out of a desired product. Why is water a good solvent for the recrystallization of acetanilide? Acetanilide readily dissolves in hot water, but is insoluble at low temps. Thus, it dissolves in hot water but crystalizes easily when cool.
What is the alternative route of synthesis of acetanilide?
Acetanilide can also be synthesized by reacting aniline with acetic anhydride, instead of acetyl chloride. This is known as the Acetic Anhydride Method.
How can you prepare para-nitro acetanilide from acetanilide?
Para-nitro acetanilide can be prepared from acetanilide by first reacting it with concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid to introduce the nitro group. The reaction should be carefully monitored to avoid excessive heat generation and the formation of unwanted by-products. After the reaction is complete, the product can be isolated and purified using appropriate techniques.
