Electron
Outside the nucleus, free neutrons are unstable and have a mean lifetime of 885.7±0.8 s (about 15 minutes), decaying by emission of a negative electron and antineutrino to become a proton: : n0 → p+ + e− + νe
Interestly, a neutron is a proton + an electron. So, when an atom captures an electron, one of its protons becomes a neutron. Now it has 1 more neutron, but 1 less proton; making the it an atom of the element with atomic number 1 less than the original atom. The total number of protons and neutrons remains the same. Xe- 129 + e-1 = I- 129
The electron is the smallest of these entities, being a subatomic particle with a mass much smaller than that of a neutron or an ion. Neutrons and ions are composed of multiple subatomic particles and have greater mass compared to electrons.
A proton and a neutron combine to form a deuteron. A deuteron is the nucleus of a deuterium atom, which is an isotope of hydrogen.
Simply put, electron capture is a nuclear change that an atom might undergo when there are "too many" protons in its nucleus. This atom is unstable, and an electron from an inner orbit will actually be "pulled into" the nucleus. Once there, the electron will "combine" with a proton, and the proton will be transformed into a neutron. This will result in the formation of a new element as a result of the nuclear transformation.
Electron capture is the absorption of an electron by an atomic nucleus if that nucleus is neutron poor. An electron is captured, usually from an inner electron shell of that atom, and it will convert a proton in the nucleus into a neutron. We know that a neutron is converted into a proton and an electron in neutron decay, so it might be looked at as something of an opposite nuclear reaction where a proton and an electron combine to form a neutron.
Outside the nucleus, free neutrons are unstable and have a mean lifetime of 885.7±0.8 s (about 15 minutes), decaying by emission of a negative electron and antineutrino to become a proton: : n0 → p+ + e− + νe
Oh, dude, if you fuse a proton with an electron, you'd get a neutron. It's like they're having a little subatomic party and decide to merge into a neutral particle. So, yeah, you'd basically end up with a neutron, which is pretty chill in the subatomic world.
The pair form a hydrogen atom.There is a fallacy that's taught about this pairing, which is that the electron-proton pair form a neutron. See my answer to the question "What particle has the same mass as a hydrogen atom?" for more details about this, and why it is wrong.
You are an atom of heavy hydrogen, or deuterium. Most hydrogen has one proton and one electron, which form a neutral atom. But once in a while, a neutron will stick to the proton, and then the atom, which is still hydrogen (it has just the one proton) will be about twice as massive as "regular" or "common" hydrogen. It is another isotope of hydrogen called heavy hydrogen or deuterium.
Interestly, a neutron is a proton + an electron. So, when an atom captures an electron, one of its protons becomes a neutron. Now it has 1 more neutron, but 1 less proton; making the it an atom of the element with atomic number 1 less than the original atom. The total number of protons and neutrons remains the same. Xe- 129 + e-1 = I- 129
The neutron will not produce a track in the cloud chamber. The neutron, proton, electron and positron are all types of particulate (particle) radiation, and all can do damage, but the neutron interacts much less with the air in a cloud chamber than the other particles will. This means the other particles will leave a tidy little ionized trail behind them on which condensate can form to "paint" the path of the particle. And the neutron will not.
Beta decay involves changing an up quark into a down quark (Beta+) or a down quark into an up quark (Beta-). This causes a neutron to change into a proton (Beta-) and emit a W- boson which decays into a beta particle (electron and electron antineutrino), or, with extra energy, it causes a proton to change into a neutron (Beta+) which emits a beta particle (positron and electron neutrino). Quarks are involved because protons and neutrons are comprised of quarks in sets of three, two up quarks and one down quark to form a proton, and two down quarks and one up quark to form a neutron.
The electron is the smallest of these entities, being a subatomic particle with a mass much smaller than that of a neutron or an ion. Neutrons and ions are composed of multiple subatomic particles and have greater mass compared to electrons.
A proton and a neutron combine to form a deuteron. A deuteron is the nucleus of a deuterium atom, which is an isotope of hydrogen.
Simply put, electron capture is a nuclear change that an atom might undergo when there are "too many" protons in its nucleus. This atom is unstable, and an electron from an inner orbit will actually be "pulled into" the nucleus. Once there, the electron will "combine" with a proton, and the proton will be transformed into a neutron. This will result in the formation of a new element as a result of the nuclear transformation.
The up quark, the down quark, and the electron. Two up quarks and a down quark form a proton, and two down quarks and an up quark form a neutron.