it's electron-withdrawing group.
aniline is more acidic because in aniline a electron withdrawing benzene is connected.electron withdrawing capacity of benzene is due to its delocalizing pi electrons cloud.due the action of benzene the presence of unshared pair of electron over nitrogen is somehow decreases.which increases its acidic nature. But in case of ammonia there is no electron withdrawing group.so its unshared pair of electron remains undistrubed,which decreases its acidity and increases its basisity
yes. due to the presence of electron withdrawing flourine atoms
for three electron withdrawing nitro groups, picric acid is highly acidic
Yes, beecause contain fluorine as difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane.
it's electron-withdrawing group.
the halogens are electron withdrawing groups. e.g. F, Cl, etc
no!
aniline is more acidic because in aniline a electron withdrawing benzene is connected.electron withdrawing capacity of benzene is due to its delocalizing pi electrons cloud.due the action of benzene the presence of unshared pair of electron over nitrogen is somehow decreases.which increases its acidic nature. But in case of ammonia there is no electron withdrawing group.so its unshared pair of electron remains undistrubed,which decreases its acidity and increases its basisity
for three electron withdrawing nitro groups, picric acid is highly acidic
yes. due to the presence of electron withdrawing flourine atoms
because electron-withdrawing group on side chain
Yes, beecause contain fluorine as difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane.
If the base hydrolysis mechanism is important, an electron withdrawing group can be attached to the prodrug. If the acid hydrolysis mechanism is important, an electron donating group can be attacked to the prodrug.
Substituents with a positive Hammet substituent constant are electron withdrawing. Examples include CF3.
Assuming the groups are conjugated to the acid/base groups: An acid wants to lose a proton. When it loses a proton, you form an anion (or a neutral molecule, but when talking about electron donating/withdrawing groups, you assume there is a charge). The more stable the anion, the more easily the proton comes off, and the more acidic it is. A base is the opposite. A base gains a proton to become cationic. The more stable the cation, the more likely it is to pick up a proton, and the more basic it is. An electron withdrawing group can stabilize an anion (and thus make something more acidic) and an electron donating group can stabilze a cation (and make something more basic). The opposites also hold true: an electron donating group can destabilize an anion and make something less acidic, and vice versa for bases.
An electron withdrawing group can be added at position 6 of the bicyclic system. Its inductive effects can reduce nucleophilicity.