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An ester is mostly identifiable by a strong smelling, fruity aroma - so called aromatic esters like, in example, nitrobenzole, the simpliest ester made of benzole (CH6) and conzentrated nitric acid (ca. 68%) which has a strong smell like marzipan. They are the base of most artifical aromatics, esp. orange or strawberry. Always made from an alcohol (alcan, alcene or alcine like Glyzerin) and an anorganic acid. A very spezial case is the well-known high explosive mostly just called "Nitroglycerine", which is in reality no nitrate, but an ester, exactely a glycerine-nitric-acid-ester or, also named as glycerinetrinitrate. The difference to a nitrate is the fact, that at nitrates the Hydrogen-Atoms H+ at the-carbon(ring) are substitutet by NO3+ -groups; at an ester they are substitutet by O-NO3-Groups because they are normally not just surroundet by the alcohol-typical OH-komplexes instead of the pure H-Atoms of pure CxHy-complexes. Glycerin, as example, is a 3-based Alcohol (not C6H5OH like a simple alcohol, but a C6 H3 OH3 -Alcohol, a 3-based Alkine like we in Germany say (alkanes (1 OH), alkenes (2 OH), alkines (3 OH) ). in that case, just the Oxygen-bounded H-Atoms will be substituated by the NH3 Nitrogroups, which gives the Molekules an extra Oxygen-Atom between the Carbon-ring and the NH3+ nitrate-Ion, which is correctly not called a Nitrate but an Ester - for his reason the mostly-used trivialname "Nitroglycerine" isn't really correct, it's Glycerine-trinitrate you want to be exactely. The extra-Oxygen-Atom makes the difference between an Ester and a Nitrate, Sulfate and so on. Btw: the here seen C6-molecule is in the well-known shape of the (in cemistry very important) so-called Benzol-Ring (-Molecule), naturally Benzol has the well-known ringshape with an Hydrogen-atom at every 60°-angle (C6 H6) (which is very toxik and highly flammable).

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keler

Lvl 2
1y ago

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