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What does any point above a solubility curve represent?
Unsaturated solutions - more solute could be dissolved at the temperature. The solubility curve indicates the concentration of a saturated solution- the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at that specific temperature. Values below the curve represent unsaturated solutions - more solute could be dissolved at that temperature. Values above the curve represent supersaturated solutions, a solution which holds more solute that can normally dissolve in that volume of solvent.
How a solute affects the boiling point of a solution?
The addition of a non-volatile solute elevates the boiling point of a solution (in addition to the depression of freezing point). The formula is ΔT = Kbm where ΔT is the change in temperature, Kb is the ebullioscopic constant, and m is the molality (not molarity) of the solution.
How do Scientists measure the strength of an acidic or basic solution by?
Scientists measure the strength of an acidic or basic solution by using the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. A solution with a pH below 7 is acidic, while a solution with a pH above 7 is basic. The lower the pH, the stronger the acid, and the higher the pH, the stronger the base.
What is the stregnth of a basic solution?
The strength of a basic solution is determined by its concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) and its pH level. Basic solutions have a high OH- concentration and a pH above 7. They are capable of neutralizing acids and can be corrosive or caustic depending on the concentration.
The solute molecules mixed with the solvent molecules in a solution cause the of a solution to be higher than it is for an equal volume of pure solvent?
Raoult's Law and Vapor Pressure LoweringWhen a nonvolatile solute is added to a liquid to form a solution, the vapor pressure above that solution decreases. To understand why that might occur, let's analyze the vaporization process of the pure solvent then do the same for a solution. Liquid molecules at the surface of a liquid can escape to the gas phase when they have a sufficient amount of energy to break free of the liquid's intermolecular forces. That vaporization process is reversible. Gaseous molecules coming into contact with the surface of a liquid can be trapped by intermolecular forces in the liquid. Eventually the rate of escape will equal the rate of capture to establish a constant, equilibrium vapor pressure above the pure liquid.If we add a nonvolatile solute to that liquid, the amount of surface area available for the escaping solvent molecules is reduced because some of that area is occupied by solute particles. Therefore, the solvent molecules will have a lower probability to escape the solution than the pure solvent. That fact is reflected in the lower vapor pressure for a solution relative to the pure solvent. That statement is only true if the solvent is nonvolatile. If the solute has its own vapor pressure, then the vapor pressure of the solution may be greater than the vapor pressure of the solvent.Note that we did not need to identify the nature of the solvent or the solute (except for its lack of volatility) to derive that the vapor pressure should be lower for a solution relative to the pure solvent. That is what makes vapor pressure lowering a colligative property--it only depends on the number of dissolved solute particles.summarizes our discussion so far. On the surface of the pure solvent (shown on the left) there are more solvent molecules at the surface than in the right-hand solution flask. Therefore, it is more likely that solvent molecules escape into the gas phase on the left than on the right. Therefore, the solution should have a lower vapor pressure than the pure solvent.Figure %: The Vapor Pressure of a Solution is Lower than that of the Pure Solvent
A solution is hypertonic?
The solution is above strength in solute.
What are three types of solutions that can occur during osmosis?
Hypotonic solution: when the solute concentration is lower outside the cell causing water to move into the cell. Hypertonic solution: when the solute concentration is higher outside the cell causing water to move out of the cell. Isotonic solution: when the solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell resulting in no net movement of water.
If a 5 per cent sucrose solution is separated from a 10 per cent sucrose solution by a semipermeable membrane Which solution is hypotonic Which solution is hypertonic?
The weaker solution (here, 5%) is hypotonic. The stronger is hypertonic."Hypo-" means "below". A hypodermic needle goes below the skin."Hyper-" means "above". A hyperactive child is above average (in activity!).
What is the difference between isotonic hypotonic and hypertonic solution?
The words isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic refer to the relationship between two solutions. - When two solutions are isotonic to one another, the two solutions have the same amount of solute as each other. - When a solution is hypertonic in reference to another solution, that solution has more solute than the other. - When a solution is hypotonic in reference to another solution, that solution has less solute than the other. - Thus, on a scale of INCREASING solutes, you could align three solutions like this: hypotonic --> isotonic --> hypertonic. Secondly, since substances move from a region of high concentration (more solute) to low concentration (less solute), remember that solutes will always move from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solution OR solvents will always move from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution. A good way to remember this is to know that "hyper" means above (more than) and hypo means "below" (less than), e.g. in HYPERactive = being really energetic or more energetic than normal vs. HYPOthermia = being very cold or below the normal temperature. A way to figure out whether a solution is isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic in respect to another solution is to figure out the solutions tonacities. Tonacity is the measure of solute in a solution. Therefore, something hypertonic has more tonacity or more solute than another solution. Some people learn the term "solute potential," which has a similar concept to tonacity. Examples: A 0.4 mol glucose solution is isotonic to a 0.4 mol glucose solution. A 0.4 mol glucose solution is hypertonic to a 0.2 mol glucose solution. A 0.2 mol glucose solution is hypotonic to a 0.4 mol glucose solution.
What is does the prefix hyper mean in hypertonic?
In the term hypertonic, the prefix hyper means "above or beyond normal." Therefore, hypertonic refers to a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.
Are solutions with high concentrations of solutes concentrated?
The more concentrated solution is called "hypertonic".Think of when you went to elementary school and there was always that extremely hyper, almost A.D.D. child in your class. So, to help your remember, think of the kid because hypertonic means "above strength." Hope that helped. :]
When comparing two solutions the solution with a greater concentration of solutions is called hypertonic why is a solution with the lower concentration of solutes is called?
The one that is lower is called hypotonic. But these are all comparisons between two things. There is another solution involved called isotonic. This one is equal to the one that you are comparing it with. Hypotonic means below and hypertonic means above some thing that you are comparing them with.
Where on on a solubility graph a saturated solution occurs when the amount of solute dissolved at a given temperature is below the line?
A saturated solution occurs when the amount of solute dissolved at a given temperature is exactly on the solubility line of the graph. If the amount of solute is below this line, the solution is unsaturated, meaning it can still dissolve more solute. Conversely, if the solute amount is above the line, the solution is supersaturated. Therefore, only points on the line represent saturation.
What is a solution with a concentration above the equilibrium solubility called?
A solution with a concentration above the equilibrium solubility is called supersaturated. This means that the solution contains more solute than it should be able to hold at that given temperature.
What does any point above a solubility curve represent?
Unsaturated solutions - more solute could be dissolved at the temperature. The solubility curve indicates the concentration of a saturated solution- the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at that specific temperature. Values below the curve represent unsaturated solutions - more solute could be dissolved at that temperature. Values above the curve represent supersaturated solutions, a solution which holds more solute that can normally dissolve in that volume of solvent.
Is 10 percent NaCl isotonic hypertonic or hypotpnic to red blood cells?
10 percent NaCl is hypertonic to red blood cells. This means that the concentration of solutes outside the red blood cell is higher than inside, causing water to move out of the cell, potentially leading to the cell shrinking or shrinking.
What effect does pressure have on solution where the solvent is liquid and the solute is gas?
Aerosol The solubility of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the Gas above the surface of the solution.( Henry's Law)
