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The nucleus of an atom is always positive, even if it loses or gains electrons to form ions. Ionization affects the electrons in the electron cloud, but not the contents of the nucleus. The numbers of both the protons and neutrons in the nucleus will remain the same for whatever isotope is undergoing ionization. For example, the most abundant isotope of calcium is calcium-40, in which the nucleus contains 20 protons and 20 neutrons, and the electron cloud contains 20 electrons. When calcium atoms react with a nonmetal, they lose 2 electrons from the electron cloud and develop a 2+ charge, but the contents of the nucleus still contain 20 protons and 20 neutrons.

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